Disasters disrupt progress and destroy the hard-earned efforts. Often pushes the nation
in quest for progress, back by several decades. Efficient management of disaster rather than
mere response to their occurrence has received increased attention. India is vulnerable in
varying degrees to a large number of natural as well as man-made disasters. 59% of land mass
is prone to earthquake of moderate to very high intensity. Over 40 million hectares (12% of
land) is prone to floods and river erosion. 5700km, out of 7516km coast line is prone to
cyclones and tsunamis. 68% of cultivable area is vulnerable to drought and hilly areas are at
land slide risk.
Vulnerability to disaster, emergencies of chemical, biological and nuclear origin also
exists. Disaster risk can be related to expanding population, rapid urbanization, and
industrialization, development in high risk zones, environmental degradation and climate
change. The national policy enacted Disaster Management Act in 2005, envisages capacity
building on various aspects of disaster management at different levels. It includes measures for
disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and reconstruction