The shortcomings of current treatment of AIDS range from undesirable
side effects, incomplete eradication of human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) and an increase in the emergence of drug resistant viral strains.
Owing to these limitations, there has been a paradigm shift in the approach
of researchers as they now focus on the development of new drugs. More
convenient drugs will have enhanced activity, lesser or no side effects
and satisfactory delivery potential. Various approaches under investigation
use biomolecules and metals and/or synthetic compounds with the
potential to inhibit viruses or affect their binding sites on the host cells.
Techniques such as gene therapy or metal-based therapy emerge from this
concept and have so far contributed promising results for the control of
the HIV virus. This chapter explores current developments in gene and
metal-based therapies (enhanced by nanotechnology), with respect to the
design of effective drugs for the treatment of HIV infection.